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"What are the three stages of memory, in order?","Encoding, storage, retrieval (E-S-R: ""Every Student Remembers"")",stages
Encoding,getting information into memory,stages
Retrieval,getting stored information back out,stages
Iconic memory,Sensory memory for sight; lasts under a second,types_of_memory
Echoic memory,Sensory memory for sound; lasts a few seconds,types_of_memory
How many items does short-term memory hold?,"About 7, plus or minus 2 (Miller, 1956)",types_of_memory
How long does short-term memory last without rehearsal?,About 20 seconds,types_of_memory
Chunking,Grouping items into bigger units so more fit in short-term memory,types_of_memory
Explicit memory,Long-term memory you can put into words (facts and events),types_of_memory
Implicit memory,"Long-term memory for skills and habits, like riding a bike",types_of_memory
Episodic memory,Explicit memory for your own experiences,types_of_memory
Semantic memory,Explicit memory for general facts,types_of_memory
Forgetting curve,Ebbinghaus: most new information is lost within a day without review,forgetting_and_studying
Spacing effect,Reviews spread out over time beat cramming,forgetting_and_studying
Testing effect,Trying to recall something strengthens memory more than rereading,forgetting_and_studying
Proactive interference,Old information blocks new (PRO = Past Ruins Openings),forgetting_and_studying
Retroactive interference,New information blocks old,forgetting_and_studying